Accidents happen quickly, and burns in young children are one of the most common injuries parents may have to deal with. Knowing how to respond promptly and appropriately to burns can significantly reduce the chances of complications. This article will discuss the types of burns, immediate actions to take, and when to seek professional help.
Common cases of burns
Children can sustain burns from a variety of sources. Some of the most common cases include:
Electrical burns
Electrical burns happen when a child comes into contact with an electric current. These burns can occur from sticking fingers into outlets, chewing on electrical cords, or getting too close to faulty appliances.
Chemical burns
Chemical burns can be due to exposure to household cleaning products, beauty products, or chemicals found in the garage. If your child gets a chemical burn, it’s important to flush the area with water for at least 20 minutes.
Scalds
Hot liquids or steam will cause scalding. These commonly occur when children pull hot pots or mugs off the counter or are exposed to boiling water in the kitchen. If the scald covers a large area, seek medical help.
Types of burns
Identifying the different types of burns is essential for knowing how to treat them in children. Burns are classified into three categories:
- First-degree burns – Only the outer layer of skin is injured. These usually result in redness, swelling, and pain. Sunburns are a common example.
- Second-degree burns – These go deeper than first-degree burns, affecting both the outer and second layers of skin (dermis). They cause more severe pain, blistering, and swelling.
- Third-degree burns—The most severe burn affecting all layers of the skin. and may also damage muscles, bones, and nerves. Due to nerve damage, third-degree burns may not be painful initially, but they require immediate medical attention.
What to do immediately
If your child suffers from a burn, act immediately. The steps you take within the first few minutes can help minimise the damage and pain.
Cool the burn
The first thing you should do when your child gets a burn is to cool the area as quickly as possible. Follow these steps:
- Use cool water: Run the affected area under cool (not cold) running water for 10 to 20 minutes to cool the burn, reduce swelling, and relieve pain.
- Apply a cool compress: If running water is not available, apply a cool, wet cloth to the area. Keep changing the compress to maintain its cooling effect.
- Avoid lotions or oils: Do not apply butter, creams, or any home remedies like toothpaste to the injury, as they can trap heat and make the burn worse.
Cover the burn
After cooling the burn, protect the area from further injury or infection by doing the following:
- Use a sterile, non-stick bandage: Cover the burn with a clean, non-stick bandage or cloth to protect the wound from grime while it heals.
- Don’t pop blisters: If blisters form, do not attempt to pop them. Blisters help to protect the skin beneath the burn and should be left alone.
- Keep the child comfortable: If the burn is causing pain, give your child over-the-counter pain medication like ibuprofen or acetaminophen, following the dosage instructions for their age.
When to see a doctor
Not all burns in children can be treated at home. You should seek medical attention from a doctor if:
- The burn extends beyond 2-3 inches or covers a major part of the body, such as the face, hands, feet, or genitals.
- The burn looks like a second-degree or third-degree burn.
- Your child shows signs of shock, such as fainting, pale skin, or shallow breathing.
- Chemicals, electricity, or fire caused the burn.
Prompt medical attention will ensure proper healing and avoid complications.
Treatment for burns in children in Singapore
Burns in children can be frightening for both the child and the parent, but being prepared to handle the situation can make all the difference. Whether it’s a small first-degree burn or something more serious, prompt and appropriate action is key. For severe burns, professional care can ensure proper healing and help prevent long-term complications.
Argent Plastic Surgery offers expert treatment for burn injuries in children, focusing on immediate care and long-term recovery. With specialised knowledge in paediatric burn care in Singapore, we help children heal physically and emotionally.