- Adult hernias are structural issues caused by chronic high abdominal pressure from factors like obesity, repeated pregnancy or heavy lifting, and unlike children's hernias, they will not resolve naturally.
- Prompt surgical repair is essential for hernias that cause pain, grow larger, or become incarcerated, as these signs indicate a dangerous risk of strangulation, a complication where tissue blood supply is cut off.
- During a diagnosis, your doctor will perform a physical examination to assess the bulge and may use ultrasound or CT scans to rule out severe complications such as intestinal obstruction or strangulation.
Umbilical hernias are a common medical condition that can affect people of all ages, from newborns to adults. While often harmless, they sometimes require medical attention to prevent complications. This article explores the causes, symptoms, and treatment options available for umbilical hernias in Singapore.
What is an Umbilical Hernia?
An umbilical hernia occurs when a portion of the intestine or fatty tissue protrudes through a weak spot in the abdominal wall near the navel. This creates a soft bulge that is often most noticeable when coughing, laughing or straining. The size of the hernia can vary, ranging from a small bump to a larger protrusion that affects mobility or comfort.
While umbilical hernias are generally painless and harmless, larger or symptomatic hernias may cause discomfort, especially during physical activity or prolonged standing. In some cases, they may lead to complications that require medical intervention.
What Causes Umbilical Hernia?
In Children
Umbilical hernias in children occur when the abdominal wall doesn’t fully close after birth. During fetal development, the umbilical cord passes through an opening in the baby’s abdominal muscles, which typically seals after birth. If the closure is incomplete, a hernia may form. This is especially common in premature babies or those with low birth weights, as their abdominal walls may be underdeveloped.
Factors that increase the likelihood of umbilical hernias in children include:
- Prematurity: Premature infants are more prone to hernias due to underdeveloped muscles.
- Low birth weight: Infants with lower-than-average birth weight may have weaker abdominal walls.
- Family history: A genetic predisposition to hernias can play a role.
Most pediatric umbilical hernias resolve naturally by age 4 or 5 without requiring medical intervention. However, persistent hernias or those causing symptoms may necessitate surgical repair.
In Adults
In adults, umbilical hernias are often caused by increased abdominal pressure that weakens the muscles around the navel. Common risk factors include:
- Obesity: Excess weight puts pressure on the abdominal wall.
- Pregnancy: Repeated pregnancies can stretch and weaken abdominal muscles.
- Chronic coughing or sneezing: Conditions like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) can contribute to hernia formation.
- Heavy lifting: Strain from lifting heavy objects can exacerbate muscle weakness.
- Abdominal surgeries: Previous surgeries may leave weakened areas in the abdominal wall.
Unlike pediatric cases, adult umbilical hernias typically do not resolve on their own. They may progressively worsen over time and often require surgical intervention to prevent complications.
Diagnosing Umbilical Hernia
Diagnosing an umbilical hernia usually involves a physical examination. A healthcare provider will assess the size, location, and behaviour of the bulge, particularly noting whether it retracts when lying down or applying gentle pressure. Additional diagnostic measures may include:
- Ultrasound: This imaging technique provides detailed views of soft tissues to confirm the presence of a hernia.
- CT Scan: A CT scan may be used to identify complications such as bowel obstruction or tissue strangulation.
- X-rays: These are sometimes employed to assess associated intestinal issues.
Early diagnosis is crucial, especially in cases where the hernia causes pain, grows larger, or shows signs of strangulation, such as redness, swelling, or discoloration around the navel.
Umbilical Hernia Treatment Options
Non-Surgical
Non-surgical management is typically reserved for asymptomatic or small hernias, particularly in children. Treatment may involve regular monitoring to ensure the hernia doesn’t grow or cause discomfort. Parents are often advised to avoid applying home remedies, such as taping a coin over the hernia, as these can lead to irritation or infection.
Surgical
Surgery is the most definitive treatment for umbilical hernias that are symptomatic, large, or at risk of complications. There are two primary surgical approaches:
- Open Hernia Repair: A small incision is made near the navel, and the protruding tissue is carefully pushed back into the abdominal cavity. The weakened area of the abdominal wall is then reinforced with stitches or a surgical mesh to prevent recurrence. This procedure is often recommended for larger or more complex hernias.
- Laparoscopic Repair: This minimally invasive technique involves making small incisions and using a camera-guided instrument to repair the hernia. The use of surgical mesh strengthens the abdominal wall. Laparoscopic surgery typically offers faster recovery times, reduced post-operative pain, and minimal scarring, making it an appealing option for many patients.
The choice of surgical method depends on factors like the hernia’s size and the patient’s overall health.
What are the Complications and Risks of Umbilical Hernia?
Although umbilical hernias are usually benign, they can lead to complications if left untreated. These include:
- Incarceration: When the hernia becomes stuck and cannot be pushed back into the abdominal cavity, it can lead to discomfort and intestinal obstruction.
- Strangulation: This occurs when the blood supply to the herniated tissue is cut off, causing severe pain, tissue death, and potential infection. Strangulation is a medical emergency requiring immediate surgical intervention.
- Obstruction: A portion of the intestine may become trapped, leading to bowel blockage and symptoms like nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain.
- Infection: Rarely, hernias may become infected, causing redness, swelling, fever, and pus discharge.
Recognising early warning signs and seeking prompt medical care can help mitigate these risks and improve long-term outcomes.
Umbilical Hernia Treatment in Singapore
If you or your child has an umbilical hernia, seeking professional help from a qualified plastic surgeon in Singapore is crucial for effective treatment and peace of mind. At Argent Plastic Surgery, we prioritise personalised care, factoring your health profile in the choice of treatment.
Don’t let an umbilical hernia affect your quality of life. Contact Argent Plastic Surgery today to schedule a consultation and take the first step toward a healthier, more confident you.
FAQs for Umbilical Hernias
Is an umbilical hernia dangerous in babies and adults?
In babies, umbilical hernias are usually harmless and rarely cause complications. Most close on their own by the age of 4–5 years. In adults, however, umbilical hernias are more concerning. They do not resolve naturally and carry a higher risk of complications such as incarceration or strangulation, especially if the hernia enlarges or becomes painful.
What causes an umbilical hernia in babies?
Umbilical hernias in babies occur when the abdominal muscles do not fully close around the opening where the umbilical cord passed through before birth. This leaves a weak spot that allows tissue to protrude. Umbilical hernias are more common in premature infants, babies with low birth weight, and those with a family history of hernias.
Do umbilical hernia belts work for babies?
No. Umbilical hernia belts, binders or taping methods do not help the hernia close faster and are not recommended. They can cause skin irritation, infection, or discomfort without providing medical benefit. Most paediatric umbilical hernias should simply be monitored unless advised otherwise by a doctor.
Should I be worried about my baby’s umbilical hernia?
In most cases, no. Paediatric umbilical hernias are common and usually painless. They typically reduce in size and close naturally over time. You should bring your child to a doctor if the hernia becomes painful, swollen, discoloured, hard, or if your child shows signs of distress, as these may indicate a rare complication.
Is an “outie” belly button the same as an umbilical hernia?
In babies, umbilical hernias are usually harmless and rarely cause complications. Most close on their own by the age of 4–5 years. In adults, however, umbilical hernias are more concerning. They do not resolve naturally and carry a higher risk of complications such as incarceration or strangulation, especially if the hernia enlarges or becomes painful.
What are the risks or complications if an umbilical hernia is not treated?
If left untreated—especially in adults—umbilical hernias can lead to:
- Incarceration, where the hernia becomes trapped and cannot be pushed back
- Strangulation, a medical emergency where blood supply to the tissue is cut off
- Bowel obstruction, causing pain, vomiting, and bloating
- Infection or tissue damage in severe cases